Marxist reading of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice

MEG - 03: BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

Attempt a Marxist reading of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.

 While attempting a Marxist reading of the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’, it analyses the ideologies inherent in the portrayal of different social classes, and of the nature of social change, in the text, also taking into account the condition of production of the text.

                     
                    Marxist criticism focuses on the material conditions in and around the text, which would include the condition of its production, and the issues of class and labour both as they appear in the text and in its production. Marx sees social being as determining consciousness, and economic conditions as underlying social ones.

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Jameson’s criticism of Conard’s politics

MEG - 03: BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

How is Jameson’s criticism of Conard’s politics relevant to Heart of Darkness?

          Fredric Jameson is an American literary critic and Marxist political theorist. He is best known for his analysis of contemporary cultural trends. He once described postmodernism as the spatialization of culture under the pressure of organized capitalism.

In The Political Unconscious, Fredric Jameson argues that Conard’s stories (Lord Jim is main example) betray symptomatic split between a modernist ‘will to style’, leading to an elaborate but essentially hollow “impressionism”. Heart of Darkness too betrays the same split but this split between a modernist ‘will to style’ and ‘impressionism’ corresponds to the contradictions of an anti-imperialist novel which is also racist.

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Stream of Consciousness

MEG - 03: BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

What do you understand by the term ‘Stream of Consciousness’, explain with reference to A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

        In literature, stream of consciousness is a method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters. The term was initially coined by a psychologist William James in his research “The Principles of Psychology”.             
          This method is in evidence at many places in A Portrait, more so in the opening and the closing pages of the novel. The emphasis in the ‘stream of consciousness’ method is on the psychic being of the characters and the associative mode is kept in the forefront of Stephen’s consciousness. This is at the heart of the novel as it is both its subject matter and its major structuring mechanism. 

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General methodological principles of Saussure

MEG - 04: Aspects of Language

ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

Discuss the general methodological principles of Saussure. Give examples to Illustrate your answer

The foundational principles of structural functional linguistics were based on the lectures notes of the great Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, published posthumously as Cours de Linguistique Generale. These principles entered into structuralist model of linguistics and provided a turning point in the history of linguistics.  The following are the general methodological principles of Saussure.

            Langue and Parole (language structure vs speaking in a language)

While making distinctions between the linguistic system and its actual manifestation, we arrive at the crucial opposition between langue and parole. Langue is the system or structure of a language whereas parole is the activity of speaking in a language or actual speech. According to Saussure, within the whole field of linguistic activity (language), we should distinguish between the language system (langue) and speaking or writing the language (parole). The three way distinction may be understood as following:

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Inflectional morphology

MEG - 04: Aspects of Language

 ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

What is the inflectional morphology and how does it differ from derivational morphology. Give examples

The inflection morphology of a language is usually discussed in terms of paradigm. A paradigm refers to a set of form derived by the application of certain grammatical rules to a lexical, or, in the case of pronouns and auxiliaries, to a function word. This English verb has a paradigm (‘the verb paradigm’) which consists of the grammatical words derived by the application of those grammar rules which are pertinent to the English verb. For example, the paradigm of the verb ‘break’ contains the forms break, breaks, breaking, broke, broken. Each of these forms is derived by the application of separate grammar rules like present tense formation, past tense formation, past participle formation, etc.

Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology

John Lyons ( 1968) tells us that grammars written in the classical tradition of Greek and Latin were generally divided into three section :

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What is language planning? Why do we require it? Discuss the various types of language planning

MEG - 04: Aspects of Language

 ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

“Language planning is deliberate language change; that is; changes in the systems of language code or speaking or both that are planned by organizations that are established for such purposes or given a mandate to fulfill such purposes. As such, language planning is focused on problem-solving and is characterized by the formulation and evaluation of alternatives for solving language problems to find the best (or optimal, most efficient) decisions” __Rubin and Jernudd

When we talk about the requirement of language planning, we are talking about the goals of language planning as follows

Between 1984 and 1990, there has been a remarkable increase in the list of goals that language planning activities are expected to carry out

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Growth of English in India

MEG - 04: Aspects of Language

 ASSIGNMENT 2015- 2016

 Max. Marks: 100

Discuss the growth of English in India. Describe some of the features which separate Indian English from other varieties of English

By the year 1600, England had established trading contacts with three continents- America, Africa, and Asia. The growth of English in South Asia and especially in India can directly correlated with the growth of imperial rule in India.

It is customary to trace the roots of English on the Indian subcontinent to 31 December, 1600, when Queen Elizabeth 1 granted a Charter to a few merchant of the city of London giving them a monopoly of trade with in India and the East. It must be noted in this early phase of arrival that the British, first and foremost, were committed to the expansion of trade rather than territory, which meant that the language of administration that required speakers and comprehends, was still not involved. The language of trade essentially meant the influx of certain Indian words into the English vocabulary and vice-versa for effective communication between tow trading communities. The language however, found a different outlet to speared itself-missionary work and proselytization.

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